Fig. 2: Changes in surface heating and winds over the Southern Ocean. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Changes in surface heating and winds over the Southern Ocean.

From: Inter-basin contrast in the Southern Ocean warming

Fig. 2

a, b Linear trends in surface net heat flux (Qnet) and wind stress curl (WSC; shading) for the period of 1960–2020, based on European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis dataset version 5 (ERA5). In b trends of wind stress are show as vectors. c, d Linear trends in Qnet and WSC over 1960-2020 derived from CESM1-LE ensemble-mean. Stippling in (a–d) indicates insignificant changes at the 95% confidence level.

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