Fig. 4: Inter-basin contrast in ocean heat transport.

a, b Linear trends (red and blue bars) and climatology (grey curves) of divergence of 0–100 m meridional ocean heart transport (MOHT), ∂MOHT/∂y, divided by the corresponding area in the Atlantic-Indian and Pacific sectors in CESM1-LE. c, d Linear trends of divergence of 0–100 m Ekman MOHT, ∂MOHTE/∂y, based on ERA5 data (see Methods). In a–d black dashed lines denote 55°S and 35°S. e, f Linear trend of zonal mean vertical heat flux (ρ0cpwθ) in the Atlantic-Indian and Pacific sectors in CESM1-LE simulation. The dashed line shows the depth of 700 m. Stippling indicates insignificant changes at the 95% confidence level.