Fig. 1: Workflow for data collection and analysis. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Workflow for data collection and analysis.

From: Monitoring changes in vitamin D levels during the COVID-19 pandemic with routinely-collected laboratory data

Fig. 1

This study used routinely-collected laboratory data from a large real-world data platform to compare vitamin D levels before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were extracted from laboratory information systems (LIS) to provide standardized, high-quality vitamin D measurements. We applied three different analytical approaches—namely, descriptive analysis, propensity score matching, and machine learning—to quantify confounder-adjusted changes. Results consistently indicate a significant reduction in mean vitamin D levels during the pandemic, highlighting the value of LIS-derived real-world data for public health monitoring. Created in BioRender. Skapetze, L. (2025) https://BioRender.com/ljfkj2l.

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