Fig. 1: A schematic shows a specialized polymer membrane fabricated via in-situ interfacial polymerization (ISIP) for selective monovalent ion separation using electrodialysis.
From: Monovalent anion-selective membranes fabricated via in situ interfacial polymerization

Under a current density of 5 mA cm−2 and an equimolar 0.1 mol L−1 NaCl/Na2SO4 solution, the 7.03 cm2 membrane leverages electrostatic repulsion to enhance ion selectivity and separation efficiency, offering a promising approach for advanced desalination and ion separation.