Fig. 5: Ion flux and selectivity characteristics of NML-Qx-NH2 membranes under various conditions for different ion pairs.
From: Monovalent anion-selective membranes fabricated via in situ interfacial polymerization
a Stability testing of NML-Qx-NH2 membranes over 10 operational cycles performed in 0.1 mol L−1 NaCl/Na2SO4 solution at a current density of 5 mA cm−2 and a membrane area of 7.07 cm2. b Ion flux and selectivity of Cl−/SO42− for NML-Qx-NH2 membranes. c Ion flux and selectivity of Br−/Cl− for NML-Qx-NH2 membranes, showing preferential transport of Cl⁻ and higher selectivity for the NML-Q3-NH2 membrane. d Ion flux and selectivity of NO3−/SO42− for NML-Qx-NH2 membranes, emphasize enhanced NO3⁻ selectivity due to tailored surface interaction and hydration energy differences. e Ion flux and selectivity of NO3−/Cl− for NML-Qx-NH2 membranes, illustrating improved Cl⁻ transport with increasing surface optimization. f Ion flux and selectivity of Cl⁻/F⁻ for NML-Qx-NH2 membranes. g Comparative selectivity for F−/SO42− and Br−/SO42− systems, demonstrating the membrane’s ability to differentiate effectively between monovalent and divalent ions. h The dual-modified membranes exhibit higher Cl− flux and improved selectivity. i ion flux and Cl−/SO42− selectivity during continuous ED operation (1–3 h), indicating steady flux and sustained performance over time.
