Fig. 2: Epigenetic silencing and mitochondrial dysfunction of M1 phenotype macrophage in atherosclerotic plaque. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Epigenetic silencing and mitochondrial dysfunction of M1 phenotype macrophage in atherosclerotic plaque.

From: Reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics of macrophages via miR-10a liposomes for atherosclerosis therapy

Fig. 2

a Schematic representation of crosstalk between macrophage epigenetics and mitochondrial function in atherosclerosis. b Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) plot of scRNA sequencing showed the six identified CD45+ cell types from human atherosclerotic plaques, along with the UMAP plot of two macrophage subpopulations distinguished by different transcriptional profiles. c Violin plots depicting the differential expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 in M1 and M2 phenotype macrophage clusters within human atherosclerotic plaques. Data analyzed by two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney U test). d Representative immunofluorescence image showing H3K9Ac (red) and M1 phenotype macrophage (CD86, green) in human atherosclerotic plaque samples, three times this experiment was repeated independently with similar results. scale bar: 20 μm. e Gene expression heatmap of mitochondrial function-related genes for M1 and M2 phenotype macrophage subpopulations. Yellow indicates high expression; pink indicates low expression. f Representative immunofluorescence imaging of M1 phenotype macrophage (CD86+) co-stained for iNOS and TFAM in the healthy and atherosclerotic human aorta samples, three times this experiment was repeated independently with similar results. scale bar: 20 μm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Panel (a) was created in BioRender. Fang, F. (2025) https://BioRender.com/cf3cxnw.

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