Fig. 3: Diverse functional electronic components.

a Exploded (left) and optical views (right) of an elastomeric resistive temperature sensor/heater. b Fractional change in resistance of the temperature meter as a function of temperature. c Joule heating-induced temperature gradients of the resistive heater depending on a range of applied voltages. d Exploded view diagram (left) and optical image (right) of a 5 × 5 array of capacitive-type pressure sensors. e Pressure distributions measured by placing small blocks (~1.0, ~0.6, and ~0.3 g for red, blue, and green, respectively) with ‘K’ and ‘U’ letters on the sensor array. f Description of individual layers (left) and optical image (right) of a 2-channel electrophysiology (EP) sensor/electrical stimulator. g Continuous, real-time measurements of electromyography (EMG) signals for different hand motions, ‘clench’ and ‘release’. h Comparison of electrocardiography (ECG) signals acquired with commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes and the EP sensor. i Exploded view drawing (left) and optical image (right) of a p-channel field effect transistor (TFT; channel length (L) and width (W) are 50 µm and 500 µm, respectively). j Transfer characteristics of the transistor, with on/off ratio > ~10⁴. k Variation in charge carrier mobility and threshold voltage (V_T) of the transistor under cyclic loading of horizontal and vertical strains up to 30 %. Data are presented as mean values ± standard deviation. n = 5 independent samples.