Fig. 3: CTGF is upregulated in the pancreas of T1D and AAb⁺ organ donors.

RNAscope in situ hybridization for CTGF (turquois) was performed on controls (n = 76 independent positions from 5 donors), AAb⁺ donors (n = 62 independent positions from 4 donors), and donors with T1D (n = 78 independent positions from 5 donors); double RNAscope was performed for YAP (pink). Quantification of CTGF ⁺ puncta/cell is presented as (A) all independent positions, (B) the mean value for each analysed pancreatic section from each donor, and (C) the percentage of cells with <5 (grey), 5-15 (blue) and >15 CTGF⁺ (pink) puncta. D Representative images display double RNAscope for CTGF (turquois) and Yap1 mRNA (pink), counterstained with Hematoxylin, shown larger (upper) and smaller (lower) magnification. Both box plots showing single analytes and median (box and whiskers; min to max show all points). Data are expressed as means ± SEM. P-values were calculated by one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak multiple comparisons correction. Scale bars depict 10 µm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.