Fig. 5: Multivariate representations of value are modulated by the environment in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex.

a Diagram of key representational distances in the representational similarity analysis (RSA). b Cortical regions of interest (ROI) used in RSA included subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), anterior insular cortex (AI), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and lateral frontopolar cortex (lFPC). Colour scale corresponds to ROI identity. c RSA results in dACC. (i) Correlation between d₄–d₂ and behavioural change between environments. Points indicate participant-level observations; lines indicate line-of-best-fit. (ii) Representational distances between reward options as a function of environment type in (1) adaptive participants who changed their behaviour toward the 10-point option between environments, and (2) non-adaptive participants who did not. d RSA results in AI. (i) Correlation between d₄–d₂ and behavioural change between environments. Points indicate participant-level observations; lines indicate line-of-best-fit. (ii) Representational distances between reward options as a function of environment-type in adaptive and non-adaptive participants (c.f. c-ii). e Regression-weights for effect of congruent policy-switches in (i) AI, (ii) dACC and (iii) DRN. Bars indicate sample-level mean peak regression weight; dots indicate participant-level peak regression weights. In all panels, n = 27; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 two-tailed.