Fig. 3: Time series and evolutionary stages of Emeishan LIP emplacement, and the carbon cycle spanning from the Guadalupian to the Lopingian.
From: Atmospheric CO2 drawdown during the Emeishan flood basalt volcanism
a Stable carbonate platform prior to the mantle plume formation. b Kilometer-scale crustal uplift and erosion due to the Emeishan mantle plume during the Stage I, with the orange dashed area representing the weathered Maokou Formation, leading to the decrease of CO2. c The main eruption of the Emeishan flood basalts during the Stage II, with CO2-poor basaltic magmatism and low CO2 levels. d Emeishan silicic eruptions and associated greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., CO2) during the Stage III. The widths of the curved arrows with isotopic signals in (b, c) represent the magnitude of carbon flux. Note that the thicknesses of Earth’s internal layers in this figure are not to scale. This figure is intended as a conceptual illustration and does not reproduce the full geometry or complexity of the LIP.
