Extended Data Fig. 1: Cell wall damage triggers ATG8ylation of the tonoplast.

(a) Confocal micrographs of the early elongation zone root cells of Arabidopsis thaliana, depicting the co-localization of mCherry-ATG8A (magenta) with the tonoplast marker γ-tip-GFP. The set includes a single optical slice and a maximum intensity projection of an entire cell (20 µm depth), along with a merged image incorporating γ-tip-GFP and a corresponding bright field image. Scale bar, 10 µm. Pearson and Spearman co-localization scores are provided to quantify the association between ATG8A and the tonoplast, under treatment conditions including mock, Torin (1.5 hours, 9 µM), EGCG (30 minutes, 50 µM), ES20 (8 hours, 100 µM), ES20-1 (8 hours, 100 µM), Isoxaben (3 days, 3 nM), and Driselase (1 hour, 1%). (b) Quantitative analysis of autophagosome numbers under the treatment conditions shown in Supplementary Fig. 1a. One-sided Wilcoxon test compared treatments (n = 10) to mock; significant differences (p < 0.01) are indicated as asterisks. The central line indicates the median, and the upper and lower bounds represent quartile 3 (75th percentile) and quartile 1 (25th percentile), respectively. The whiskers denote the minima and maxima of the data points.