Extended Data Fig. 1: Mutation Pen1 impaired the plant development.

a, Statistical analysis of plant height of B73 and pen1^F2 at the heading stage (n = 40 biological replicates, two-tailed Student’s t-tests). The lower and upper whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values, respectively. The upper boundary, middle line and lower boundary of the box indicate the 75^th percentile, median and 25^th percentile, respectively. Statistical testing was performed using an unpaired two-tailed t-test. b, Confocal laser scanning microscopy of chlorophyll autofluorescence in leaves depicted in magenta. A representative image is displayed for B73 (left) and pen1^F2 (right, etiolated region). The regions marked with dashed white lines are shown in Fig. 1h. Scale bars: 20 μm. c, Statistical analysis of the chloroplast number for B73 and pen1^F2. Four cells/leaf were measured (n = 6, biological replicates, two-tailed Student’s t-tests). The lower and upper whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values, respectively. The upper boundary, middle line and lower boundary of the box indicate the 75^th percentile, median and 25^th percentile, respectively. Statistical testing was performed using an unpaired two-tailed t-test.