Fig. 4

Lipid accumulation and senescence induction in the SMARCD1-overexpressing HepG2 cells cultured in the absence or presence of 0.1 mM PA. (a) Relative SMARCD1 expression in SMARCD1-overexpressing HepG2 cells. PPAR-dependent transcription (b) and transcriptional activation ability of PGC-1α (c) were determined in SMARCD1-overexpressing HepG2 cells. (d) Relative expression of FAO genes in mock-transduced and SMARCD1-overexpressing HepG2 cells in the absence or presence of PA. (e) The number of lipid droplets and lipid area in mock-transduced and SMARCD1-overexpressing HepG2 cells in the absence or presence of PA. Activity and expression of senescence markers (F, SA-β-Gal; G, p16; H, p21; I, phosphorylated p38; J, γH2AX) were measured in mock-transduced and SMARCD1-overexpressing HepG2 cells. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (^* P < 0.05; ^** P < 0.01; ^*** P < 0.001). Multiple comparisons between groups were made by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05 (^* P < 0.05; ^** P < 0.01)