Fig. 2: Senolytic treatment affects also other senescence-associated biomarkers.

a Staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) with C12FDG revealed in tendency a slight increase of positive cells with aging. Flowcytometric analysis of either peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or the lymphocytes of healthy donors (n = 19). b In analogy, PBMCs were cultured for 3 days with RG7112 (10 µM), JQ1 (10 µM), nutlin-3a (10 µM), AMG232 (1 µM), S63845 (1 µM), dasatinib in combination with quercetin (D + Q; 20 nM + 20 µM), piperlongumine (Piper; 10 µM), and ABT263 (200 nM). n = 5 and for the four candidate compounds that revealed effects on epigenetic age n = 11; Two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons was performed to assess statistical significance. c Exemplary phase contrast images of C12FDG stained PBMCs without or with treatment with JQ1 for 3 days. Upon treatment, there were less irregularly shaped large plastic adherent cells. d RT-qPCR analysis of senescence-associated gene expression of p16, p21, and p53 upon treatment with RG7112, JQ1, nutlin-3a, and AMG232. One sample t-test was used to assess statistical significance.