Fig. 3
E-scaffold increases OH• formation and membrane permeability. a Increase in fluorescence of HPF-stained e-scaffold treated and exogenous H2O2 treated P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm cells indicates increased OH• formation compared to untreated biofilms. b Increase in fluorescence of propidium iodide (PI) indicates increased membrane permeability of P. aeruginosa PAO1 cells after exposure to e-scaffold. c Increase in fluorescence of 3, 3′-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide, a membrane potential sensitive dye, in e-scaffold treated P. aeruginosa PAO1 cells verifies bacterial membrane depolarization by e-scaffold resulting in increased membrane permeability. Error bars represent standard errors of means for at least three biological replicates. The symbol * indicates a significant difference from the untreated biofilm cells (n = 3, P < 0.001; paired t-test)
