Fig. 9: Biofilm formation of ΔU876_04005 and ΔiolRΔU876_04005.

a Biofilm formation of the wild-type and U876_04005 mutants on the tube wall. b The morphology of the wild-type and U876_04005 mutants using SEM. c Bacterial biofilm of the wild-type and U876_04005 mutants using CLSM. d Quantitation of biofilm. The optical density at OD595 was recorded. Error bars represent the standard deviations from at least three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined using a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. ***P < 0.001.