Fig. 3: Allicin reduced aortic lesions through the reduction of TMA and TMAO formation and changed the fecal microbiome composition in ʟ-carnitine-induced atherosclerosis female ApoE−/− mice (n = 9 per group). | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

Fig. 3: Allicin reduced aortic lesions through the reduction of TMA and TMAO formation and changed the fecal microbiome composition in ʟ-carnitine-induced atherosclerosis female ApoE−/− mice (n = 9 per group).

From: Atherosclerosis amelioration by allicin in raw garlic through gut microbiota and trimethylamine-N-oxide modulation

Fig. 3

a experimental design; b representative image of oil red-stained enface aorta, scale bar is 0.5 cm; c percentage of aortic lesion; d d9-TMA level according to oral carnitine challenge test (OCCT) and its AUC; e d9-TMAO level of OCCT and its AUC; f d9-γBB level according to OCCT and its AUC. g α-diversity indices, observed OTUs, Shannon index, and Chao1 index; h Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot with Bray−Curtis dissimilarity; and i heatmap of the relative abundances of fecal microbiota with a significant difference using the Kruskal–Wallis test with false discovery rate (FDR) (P < 0.001). OCCT curves are expressed as the mean ± SEM, and dot plots are expressed as the mean ± SD; Statistical analyses were performed using an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test Con vs. Con + A group, Con vs. Carn group; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s range test for comparisons Carn vs. Carn + A group, Carn vs. Carn + D group, and Carn + A vs. Carn + D group.

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