Table 1 ANOSIM and PERMANOVA analysis between different groups.

Group	Process	ANOSIM		PERMANOVA
Group	Process	R	P_adj_BH	F value	Variation (R²)	P_adj_BH
CK	Water vs Biofloc	0.93	0.07	4.22	0.51	0.067
	Water vs Gut	0.80	0.007	6.95	0.47	0.008
	Biofloc vs Gut	0.47	0.154	2.33	0.28	0.045
CN10	Water vs Biofloc	0.37	0.007	2.72	0.21	0.008
	Water vs Gut	0.69	0.007	3.75	0.27	0.008
	Biofloc vs Gut	0.65	0.007	3.94	0.28	0.008
CN15	Water vs Biofloc	0.47	0.008	2.98	0.23	0.008
	Water vs Gut	0.73	0.007	4.87	0.33	0.013
	Biofloc vs Gut	0.66	0.007	4.18	0.29	0.008
Water	CK vs CN10	0.66	0.018	4.87	0.38	0.011
	CK vs CN15	0.98	0.008	7.67	0.49	0009
	CN10 vs CN15	0.40	0.007	2.24	0.18	0.011
Biofloc	CK vs CN10	0.90	0.036	3.80	0.39	0.039
	CK vs CN15	0.94	0.031	4.34	0.42	0.040
	CN10 vs CN15	0.66	0.007	3.63	0.27	0.008
Gut	CK vs CN10	0.61	0.007	3.90	0.28	0.008
	CK vs CN15	0.88	0.007	8.93	0.47	0.008
	CN10 vs CN15	0.71	0.007	4.45	0.31	0.008

ANOSIM and PERMANOVA analysis were based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity for the comparison of bacterial community composition in the water, biofloc, and gut samples between control and treatment (permutation = 999). Each sample had six replicates (n = 6), except the water samples (n = 4) and biofloc samples (n = 2) in control group. P values adjusted by using the Benjamini–Hochberg algorithm <0.05 indicate significant differences.

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