Fig. 8: The effects of GLU on tibial growth are mediated by regulating the PI3K/AKT/VEGFA signalling pathway. | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

Fig. 8: The effects of GLU on tibial growth are mediated by regulating the PI3K/AKT/VEGFA signalling pathway.

From: Gut microbiome dysregulation drives bone damage in broiler tibial dyschondroplasia by disrupting glucose homeostasis

Fig. 8

a Clinical characteristics of broiler chickens. b Pancreas morphology and weight. c The LIPA, AMYL and INS levels in the pancreas (n = 3 broilers per group). d Plasma GLU levels. GLUT8 and GLUT12 mRNA expression levels in the pancreas (n = 3 broilers per group). e Morphological observation of the tibia and the HE staining of the TGPs (scale bars, 1000 µm). f–h Histogram showing the body weight and tibia-related indicators. i Representative images of HE-stained sections of TGPs. Black arrow, blood vessel. Red arrow, nuclear dissolution and nuclear pyknosis. (scale bars: top, 500 µm; bottom, 50 µm). j PI3K, AKT and VEGFA mRNA expression levels in the TGPs (n = 3 broilers per group). k, l PI3K, AKT and VEGFA protein levels in the TGPs (n = 3 broilers per group). m The heatmap on the right shows the results of Spearman’s analysis of the correlations between GLU-related indicators and bone parameters. Green, positive correlations. Red, negative correlations. The heatmap on the left shows the results of Spearman’s analysis of the correlations of PI3K, AKT and VEGFA levels with glucose-bone indicators. Green, positive correlation. Grey, negative correlation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. One-way ANOVA with LSD post hoc test. The data are presented as the means ± SD.

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