Fig. 4: A. muciniphila inhibited F. nucleatum-induced periodontitis in BALB/c mice.
From: Akkermansia muciniphila inhibited the periodontitis caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum
a PCoA analysis of oral plaque samples. Fn vs. control (n = 4). b The heat map of oral plaque sample community structure in mice: all four groups c 3D reconstruction of the maxilla. d Alveolar bone loss in the mesial aspect of the maxillary first molar, n = 10. e Bone volume fraction at the bifurcation of the root of the maxillary first molar. f H&E staining images of the mandible (×100 and ×400), scale = 100 μm and 50 μm. Yellow arrows: inflammatory cell infiltration; black arrows: disordered fibrous arrangement; blue arrows: stripped junctional epithelium. g, h Immunohistochemical staining images (×400) of mandibular and the percentage of protein-positive area: IL-1β and IL-6, scale = 40 μm. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by Wilcoxcon rank-sum test, One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student–Newman–Keuls test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns not significant.
