Fig. 1: Flexibility of metabolic phenotypes and metabolites during intermittent supplementation with ginseng extracts. | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

Fig. 1: Flexibility of metabolic phenotypes and metabolites during intermittent supplementation with ginseng extracts.

From: Ginseng extracts improve circadian clock gene expression and reduce inflammation directly and indirectly through gut microbiota and PI3K signaling pathway

Fig. 1

a Schematic overview of the experimental design. b Body mass. c Average core body temperature (Tb) during the experiment (n = 5 per group). d Daily rhythm of Tb in the last three days of the experiment. e Food intake. f Serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). g, h, i The levels of serum-free tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and T3/T4 ratio. j Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 7 per group). *P < 0.05 versus control, #P < 0.05 versus PTU. Con, the control group that received only saline; PTU, the rats that received 10 mg/kg propylthiouracil (PTU) during the experiment; GS, the rats that were administered 10 mg/kg PTU and underwent a regimen of alternating two-week treatment periods with 0.6 g/kg ginseng (dash area) and two-week periods without treatment; LT, the rats that were treated with 10 mg/kg PTU and received 0.5 mg/kg L-thyroxine (LT) with the same regimen as the GS group.

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