Fig. 4: Gut microbiota profile after intermittent ginseng treatment. | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

Fig. 4: Gut microbiota profile after intermittent ginseng treatment.

From: Ginseng extracts improve circadian clock gene expression and reduce inflammation directly and indirectly through gut microbiota and PI3K signaling pathway

Fig. 4

a The α diversity indicated by the observed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). b Plot of constrained principal coordinate analyses (CPCoA) based on the Bray–Curtis distance matrix. c Cladogram representing taxa at the genus level enriched in the fecal microbial community of the groups detected by the least discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe); the diameter of the circle is proportional to the abundance of the taxon. d Difference in the composition of gut microbes by statistical analysis of metagenomic profiles. e Heatmap of Spearman’s rank correlation between specific genera and mRNA expression of different intestinal markers and receptors. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Con, control group that received only saline; PTU, the rats that received 10 mg/kg propylthiouracil (PTU) during the experiment; GS, the rats that were administered 10 mg/kg PTU and underwent a regimen of alternating two-week treatment periods with 0.6 g/kg ginseng (dash area) and two-week periods without treatment; LT, the rats that were treated with 10 mg/kg PTU and received 0.5 mg/kg L-thyroxine (LT) with the same regimen as the GS group.

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