Fig. 3: Contribution of the Bifidobacterium-dominant enterotype to favorable calf phenotypes.

a CH index of enterotype robustness and Principal coordinate analysis of the two differential clusters based on samples taken at 70 days of age. The significance was assessed using ANOSIM. b Wayne diagram showing the intersection of cluster 3 and PAM 1. c The comparison of growth performance in calves between the Shared and Others groups. The significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA. The error pounds in the charts were represented by mean ± SD. d Composition of the gut microbiota at the species level in EPG and PPG. e Spearman correlation analysis between species and phenotypes. f Identification of cultured strains in the Hungate1000 collection. Feed conversion = Average daily intake/average daily gain. c, e Only the significant differences were marked (*p < 0.05, **0.01< p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001).