Fig. 6: Fecal metabolic profiles of EPG and PPG.

a PLS-DA of the fecal metabolomes between EPG and PPG calves. b Volcano map of metabolites identified by fecal metabolomics. c Identification of fecal metabolites from different sources. d Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of different categories of metabolites from different sources. Abundance of upregulated (e) and downregulated (f) metabolites involved in the enrichment of metabolic pathways. The error pounds in the bar charts were represented by mean ± SD.