Fig. 2: Pathways underlying the oral-gut microbiota axis.
From: The oral-gut microbiota axis: a link in cardiometabolic diseases

This figure illustrates the three main pathways through which oral and gut microbiota interact: the Enteric Pathway, Hematogenous Pathway, and Immune Pathway. Microbial interactions can exacerbate effects on cardiometabolic diseases through various factors, including inflammatory response, immune response and other elements. Created with BioRender.com.