Correction to: npj Biofilms and Microbiomes https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-024-00618-1, published online 5 December 2024

“In this article, the images in Fig. 5(d) were incorrectly arranged. Specifically, in the HSL row, the DAPI and MERGE (DAPI+CRT) sections were reversed, and the images for DAPI and MERGE were placed incorrectly. The original article has been corrected.”