Fig. 6: Microbiome-phenotype associations for demographic, lifestyle, diet, health, and blood measurement.

Top 40 species with the highest number of significant associations are clustered by association Z-score using hierarchical clustering and colored by direction of effect (blue, negative; orange, positive), with associations significant at study-wide FDR <0.05 marked with plus and minus for positive and negative correlations, respectively. Colored associations without a mark indicate nominally significant associations (P < 0.05).