Fig. 7: NEVs improve inflammation in DSS-treated mice in the depletion of gut microbiota.

A Schematic diagram. B Changes in body weight (n = 6). C DAI scores (n = 6). D, E Representative images of colon length and quantification of colon length (n = 6). F Spleen index (n = 6). G, H Representative images of HE staining and score (n = 6). I, J Representative images of AB-PAS staining and the number of goblet cells counted for the colon (n = 6), scale bar: 100 μm. K, L Representative images of MUC2 immunohistochemistry (n = 6), scale bar: 100 μm. M–P Representative images of ZO-1 and OCCLUDIN measured by immunofluorescence (n = 3), scale bar: 100 μm. Data were shown as means ± SEM. Significance was assessed using Student’s t-test, giving P values: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001. NEVs B. longum NSP001 extracellular vesicles, DSS dextran sulfate sodium, HE hematoxylin–eosin, AB-PAS alcian blue periodic acid-Schiff.