Fig. 5: Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) evaluated in terms of in vivo polymicrobial biofilm formation. | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

Fig. 5: Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) evaluated in terms of in vivo polymicrobial biofilm formation.

From: Microbiome modulation of implant-related infection by a novel miniaturized pulsed electromagnetic field device

Fig. 5

A For this purpose, 5 healthy volunteers each wore one palatal appliance containing one activated PEMF (pulse) and one non-activated (control) device for 3 days to allow biofilm accumulation. Biofilm composition was evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing for whole bacterial microbiome. B Alpha diversity analysis by Shannon Index and C Inv Simpson Index of sequenced samples. D Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) using the Bray-Curtis distance function and ASV abundances. E Stacking bar charts showing dominant bacterial genus by sample and groups.

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