Fig. 7: Regulatory role of the P. gingivalis tryptophan-indole pathway on healthy and periodontitis-associated oral biofilm. | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

Fig. 7: Regulatory role of the P. gingivalis tryptophan-indole pathway on healthy and periodontitis-associated oral biofilm.

From: Regulation of tryptophan-indole metabolic pathway in Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence and microbiota dysbiosis in periodontitis

Fig. 7

Three-dimensional analysis of the HBiofilm, including biomass (a), maximum thickness (b), mean thickness (c) and surface area (d). e Confocal microscopy image of the periodontitis-associated oral biofilm formed with ΔtnaA (MBiofilm). f Biofilm formation assay of MBiofilm. Three-dimensional analysis of the MBiofilm, including biomass (g), mean thickness (h), maximum thickness (i) and surface area (j). The live and dead bacteria in the biofilms were separately stained by Syto9 (green) in channel 1 (ch1) and propidium iodide (red) in channel 2 (ch2) of CLSM. Merge images of the two channels were presented following the Syto9 and PI channels. PI propidium iodide. Scale bar: 20 μm. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t test and one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. ns no significant difference. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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