Fig. 8: Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) administration improves doxorubicin (DOX)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

Fig. 8: Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) administration improves doxorubicin (DOX)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

From: Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by regulating PPARα-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis

Fig. 8

a Representative transmission electron microscopy images of mice hearts from the control, DOX, and DOX + IPA group. Scale bar = 2 μm. Quantification of mitochondria-related parameters from (b). Mitochondria/μm2 refers to the average number of mitochondria (n = 6). c % mitochondrial area refers to the ratio of mitochondrial area to image area (n = 6). d The activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in the hearts of mice from various groups was assessed using commercial kits (n = 6). e Representative immunoblotting images and quantification of mitochondrial OXPHOS proteins in mouse heart lysates (antibodies against Ndufb8, Sdhb, Uqcrc2, Mtco1, and Atp5a1 used as representatives for mitochondrial complex I, II, III, IV, and V, and GAPDH used as an internal control, n = 3 for each group). f Representative immunoblotting images and quantification of DRP1, MFN2 and OPA1 in the heart tissues from the control, DOX, and DOX + IPA groups (n = 3). g–k Real-time monitoring of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVMs) with or without DOX/IPA treatment. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Mean ± SD. For statistical analysis, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons was used. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Back to article page