Fig. 1: The widely used primer set Fn-F/R did not accurately detect the abundance of ‘F. nucleatum’.

A Correlations between the qPCR results with primer set Fn-F/R and FrpoB-seq results in clinical samples. Samples with ‘F. nucleatum’ (Fn) detected by FrpoB-seq were subjected to qPCR with Fn-F/R. The faecal samples included 46 from CRC patients and 24 from healthy controls. The tissue samples included 45 tumour samples and 41 normal samples. The Spearman correlation test was applied. B The Spearman correlation coefficients in A summarised in a histogram graph. C The qPCR results with primer set Fn-F/R in L1-community samples containing different percentages (0.1%, 1%, 10%, 50%, 90%, 100%) of F. nucleatum (Fn; ATCC 25586) and other L1 species F. periodonticum (THCT14E2) and F. hwasookii (THCT18E1). Note that the L1-community samples were designed to have an equal total CFU (106). The qPCR was meanwhile conducted with ‘F. nucleatum’ alone or other L1, loaded equivalently to the ‘F. nucleatum’ amounts in the L1-mixture samples.