Fig. 7: KF-8 and Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) improve neuroinflammation and aging in aged mice via TNF-α.
Control group mice were gavaged with PBS, while KF-8 + AKK group mice underwent concurrent 30 mg/kg KF-8 gavage intervention and 200 μL of 2 × 109 CFU/mL AKK bacterial suspension, twice a day, for a duration of 2 months (from 14 to 15 months of age). On the 8th week of intervention, mice were treated with tail vein injections of TNF-α recombinant protein (TNF-αRP) and TNF-α monoclonal antibody (TNF-α antibody), with IgG used as a control. Body weight was recorded weekly, behavioral tests were conducted at 15 months of age, and sample collection and assays were performed at 16 months of age (n = 8). A Weekly body weight changes in mice. B–G Levels of 8-OHdG, CRP, GM-CSF, RANTES, IL-17A, and TNF-α in mouse serum were detected by ELISA (n = 5). H Protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IBA1, P16, P21, and P53 in the hippocampus were detected by western blotting, and the protein bands were quantitatively analyzed by ImageJ software (n = 6). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests for multiple group comparisons. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns not significant.
