Fig. 2: Image tasks in computer vision.

Examples of (a) image classification, in which the task is one of classifying an image as one of 4 different types of animals (b) object detection, in which not only are objects classified but also identified in the image with boxes around their respective location and (c) image segmentation, where every pixel in the image is translated into some label, here the vessels, airways and contours of a lung. Sources: (a) the author’s photographs of dog (DM) and Jonesy the cat (AA). b https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Detected-with-YOLO--Schreibtisch-mit-Objekten.jpg (c) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3D_CT_of_thorax.jpg.