Fig. 4: Unsupervised analysis identified CD4⁺ T cell clusters with different abundance in patients and HD.

a CD4⁺ T cells from patients and HD were subjected to UMAP followed by automated clustering using phenograph. 13 unique clusters were identified. b Heat map showing expression of phenotypic/functional markers in CD4⁺ T cell clusters. c Comparative abundance of CD4⁺ T cell clusters between HD and BC patients. Groups were compared by Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test. d Heat map representing hierarchical clustering of all samples based on CD4⁺ T cell clusters. Proportions of each cluster were scaled and centered. Groups were compared with Fisher’s exact test. e Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of BC patients and HD using all 13 CD4⁺ T cell clusters. f Effect of previous therapy on identified CD4⁺ T cell clusters. Heatmap represents relative median of each cell subset. *p.adj < 0.05, **p.adj < 0.01, ***p.adj < 0.001, ****p.adj < 0.0001. Box plots show median (center line), 25th and 75th percentiles (box), data within 1.5 IQR (whiskers), and outliers (dots). BC: n = 104. HD: n = 20.