Fig. 3
From: Controlling polar-toroidal multi-order states in twisted ferroelectric nanowires

Chirality switching of PTMO state by torque. Evolution of the PTMO state of a (BaTiO3)10(SrTiO3)2 nanowire under a counterclockwise torque pair at T = 150 K. a Evolution of the toroidization Gz and axial polarization Pz with the torque M being 180 nN nm. b The toroidization Gz and axial polarization Pz of the PTMO state as functions of torque M at 150 K. c The corresponding evolved dipole configurations during the switching process