Fig. 4: Otsu threshold contours of six CNN models overlaid on a section of a test image.

The model with batch normalization only consistently provides the most accurate segmentation. Each colored contour refers to a different model output: red—TwoConv_Blur1, blue—TwoConvNorm_Blur1, green—Norm_Blur1, purple—TwoConv, orange—TwoConv_Norm, and yellow—Norm.