Fig. 2: Results of energy barrier calculations.
From: Toward room-temperature nanoscale skyrmions in ultrathin films
a Variation of the GNEB-calculated energy barrier ΔE for the skyrmion collapse into the FM state (black solid lines) along several contours of equal skyrmion radius R. Color codes distribution of the reduced anisotropy parameter. Filled squares indicate the calculated data points. The magnitude of the energy difference between the Belavin–Polyakov soliton state and relaxed, energy-minimum skyrmion state is within the pink area for all skyrmion radii from 5a to 12a. The inset shows the variation of the saddle-point energy (dark gray area) and universal energy E0 of the Belavin–Polyakov soliton (red dashed line) relative to the FM state along the R-isolines. b Variation of interaction-resolved contributions to the collapse energy barrier due to magnetic exchange ΔEex, DM interaction ΔEDM, and magnetic anisotropy ΔEani along R = 8a isoline. Filled circles indicate the calculated data points.
