Fig. 3: Defect identification.
From: Autonomous scanning probe microscopy investigations over WS2 and Au{111}
a Au{111} herringbone reconstruction that is identifiable via point bias spectroscopy followed by classification using a trained 1D-CNN, where image tracking can be performed on a larger surface region compared to the autonomous STS experiment region. b Data is further interpolated over a dense grid, classified, and depicted as an image overlay on acquired topography (Itunnel = 30 pA, Vsample = 1 V). Scale bar, 2.5 nm. Accumulated spectra over both c Aufcc and d Auhcp are shown with the mean spectrum that is colored by classification. e VS located within in-situ annealed WS2, where the defect itself is used for drift tracking, with overlaid acquired STS (Itunnel = 30 pA, Vsample = 1.2 V) and f the corresponding linear interpolated form highlighting measured in-gap states. Scale bar, 0.5 nm. Spectra used for training, validation, and test are shown for both g WS2 and h VS, where a total of >1400 spectra were acquired over multiple experimental runs for both Au and WS2.
