Fig. 5: Hybrid model energetic analysis.
From: Accelerating the transition to cobalt-free batteries: a hybrid model for LiFePO4/graphite chemistry

Modeling error distributions and energetic analysis for profile #7, considering FNN, RT, and RF. On top, of error distributions before (e1) and after (e2) the introduction of the machine-learning model. The hybrid model leads to a shift of the distributions to the right (zero-mean) and to a reduction of the error variance. The energy analysis shows that the machine-learning model contributes a small percentage to the overall output prediction.