Table 2 Current profiles for training and testing of the hybrid model.

From: Accelerating the transition to cobalt-free batteries: a hybrid model for LiFePO4/graphite chemistry

Current profile

SOC range [%]

Min./Max. [A]

Mean value [A]

Standard deviation [A]

RMSEV [mV]

RMSESOC[%]

#1

80%–20%

−25.29/47.22

5.64

10.95

32.80

0.41

#2

60%–10%

−29.98/44.93

3.25

10.45

31.70

0.37

#3

100%–0%

−34.58/71.84

7.77

14.97

30.37

0.74

#4

50%–10%

−34.06/65.49

7.92

15.08

33.10

0.14

#5

50%–10%

−30.00/44.79

3.25

10.46

25.33

0.40

#6

100%–50%

−25.16/45.99

5.72

11.02

29.68

0.67

#7

100%–0%

−23.23/55.48

18.48

17.01

55.04

0.35

  1. Profile #1, #2, and #3 are used for the optimization of the machine-learning model hyperparameters and training. Profile #4, #5, #6, and #7 are used for testing. The table shows characteristics of the current profiles in terms of SOC window, minimum and maximum currents, mean values, and standard deviations. The last two columns show the voltage RMSE and SOC RMSE of the average core-shell ESPM.
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