Fig. 1: Tensile deformation of an isothermally solidified aluminum sample under stochastic environment.

a The solidified polycrystalline aluminum before applying deformation, (b–d) Snapshots of the polycrystalline aluminum during deformation under the strain rate of 109 K s−1 at 300 K, (e) Stress–strain plot of the polycrystalline aluminum. The inset images show detwinning during plastic deformation. f Schematic representation of the stochastic analysis. The random input parameters x1 and x2 are temperature and strain rate respectively, while the outputs y are Young’s modulus, yield stress and ultimate stress. The parameter ω is used to represent the stochastic nature of the input and output quantities.