Fig. 5: Nonreciprocal bending response of T-SkL induced by the flexoelectricity. | npj Computational Materials

Fig. 5: Nonreciprocal bending response of T-SkL induced by the flexoelectricity.

From: Emergence and transformation of polar skyrmion lattices via flexoelectricity

Fig. 5

a Schematic illustration of transformation between T-SkL and v1H-SkL under bending operations. b Ising-Néel-like domain walls induced by flexoelectric effect, and the polarization configurations at the top and bottom (001) planes of the polar skyrmion bubbles with opposite topological charge Q. c Flexoelectric field at the (010) plane of the PTO film along the black line in d. d Flexoelectric field near the top and bottom (001) planes of the PTO film. e, f Schematics of the variations in energy landscape of the PTO film upon bending operations. In the simulations, E[001] = –1.25 MV/cm and f11 = 3 V, f44 = f12 = 0 V are set.

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