Fig. 6: Optimization of interfacial energy of γ′ precipitation at different temperatures.

The variation of interfacial energy of \({\gamma }^{{\prime} }\) precipitate in IN718 with iteration at a 973 K, b 998 K, and c 1023 K, respectively. d–f Mean squared error of two algorithms as a function of iterations during minimization corresponding to (a–c).