Fig. 8: Simulated precipitation of γ′ and γ″ of IN718 superalloys with optimized interfacial energy.

The simulated a mean radius of \({\gamma }^{{\prime} }\), b mean particle size of γ″ precipitate in IN718 superalloy as a function of time through KWN method with interfacial energy optimized by Nelder–Mead and Powell algorithm. The experimental data marked by stars are derived from Han et al.30.