Table 1 Definitions of empirical parameters predicted by the Physics Enforced Neural Network (PENN)

From: A physics-enforced neural network to predict polymer melt viscosity

Parameter

Physical representation

Relevant equation(s)

C1

Empirical Parameter for the η–T relationship

5

C2

Empirical Parameter for the η–T relationship

5

Tr

Reference temperature for the η–T

5

Mcr

Critical Mw, associated with the onset of polymer chain entanglement

6–8

α1

Slope of zero-shear viscosity (η0) vs. Mw when Mw < Mcr (approximately 1)

6–8

α2

Slope of η0 vs. Mw when Mw > Mcr (approximately 3.4)

6–8

\({\beta }_{{M}_{w}}\)

Measure of transition from α1 to α2 at Mcr

8

k1

η0 when M = 0 and T = Tr

6–8

\({\dot{\gamma }}_{cr}\)

Critical Shear Rate when T = Tr, associated with the onset of shear-thinning

2–4

n

Slope of shear thinning (typically 0.2-0.8 for polymer melts)

2–4

\({\beta }_{\dot{\gamma }}\)

Measure of transition from zero-shear to shear-thinning

4

  1. Their relevance to temperature (T), molecular weight (Mw), and shear rate (\({\dot{\gamma}}\)) when calculating melt viscosity (η) is also provided. The relevant equations in the Methods section are provided for each parameter.