Fig. 1: An overview of the electronic structure of NV− and its characteristic fluorescence signal during laser writing.
From: Simulating the dynamics of NV− formation in diamond in the presence of carbon self-interstitials

a Electronic configuration of the negatively charged NV centre in diamond in its ground state. Optical absorption promotes the spin-down electron in the a2 orbital to the ex or ey orbital, and fluorescence returns the electron to the a2 state. b Illustration of the electronic orbitals of NV− in diamond. The degenerate orbitals ex and ey are shown in blue, while the a2 orbital is coloured red. c Example fluorescence intensity trace recorded during a laser annealing process, showing intermittent fluorescence preceding the formation of NV−12.