Fig. 5: Meshed microstructure and crack front discretization strategy.

a A representative microstructural instantiation used in physics-based simulations of crack growth, shown after conformal and adaptive meshing. The inverse pole figure (IPF) colors indicate the crystallographic orientations of grains in the microstructure. The highlighted crack surface nodes represent the initial semicircular crack explicitly introduced within the mesh. b A schematic illustration of crack front evolution from k = 0 to k = 4, along with the radial discretization strategy used to generate crack front points (CFPs). These CFPs serve as the basis for extracting input sequences used to train the deep-learning models.