Fig. 1: Extraction and characterization of synaptosomes.

a Brief workflow of the current study. b Immunoblotting analysis of synaptic (SNAP25, synaptophysin and PSD95) and cytosolic (elF1a and PCNA) proteins in cytosolic fraction, synaptosomal fraction and leftover tissue debris of unaffected control postmortem brain tissues. c Densitometry analysis of synaptic and cytosolic proteins. Synaptic proteins levels (PSD95; P = 0.003), (SNAP25; P = 0.0061), (Synaptophysin; P = 0.026) were significantly higher in synaptosomes and cytosolic proteins (elF1a; P = 0.012) and (PCNA; P = 0.018) levels were significantly lower in synaptosomes relative to cytosol. d qRT-PCR analysis for mRNA fold change analysis of synaptic and cytosolic genes in cytosolic and synaptosomal fractions (n = 5). e TEM analysis of synapse assembly in synaptosomal fraction from unaffected control and AD patients’ postmortem brains (scale bar 500 nm magnification). Electron micrograph shows synapse components: Mt mitochondria, SV synaptic vesicles, PSD postsynaptic density, SC synaptic cleft. f Immunoblotting analysis of brain cells markers (Neuron-NeuN; Microglia-Iba1), excitatory synapse marker (VGLUT1) and inhibitory synapse marker (GABARA1) proteins in unaffected controls (n = 4) and AD (n = 4) synaptosomes. g Densitometry analysis of NeuN, Iba1, VGLUT1, and GABARA1 proteins in unaffected controls and AD synaptosomes. All blots are driven from the same experiment and were proceed parallelly (b, f). Values in the bar diagrams are mean ± SEM and error bars are equivalent throughout the figure (c, d, g).