Fig. 1
Maximum Velocity as a function of Heating Control Voltage, Density, Viscosity, and Electrical Conductivity (each figure includes six groups of curves where \(U_{\mathrm{ctr}}^H\) is valued at 0.01, 0.20, 0.50, 1.0, 3.0, and 6.0 V, and each group with the same \(U_{\mathrm{ctr}}^H\) contains 11 curves where ρ ranges from 5000 to 10,000 kg m−3 for step size of 500). a Maximum velocity at σe,l = 6.0 × 105 S m−1, b maximum velocity at μ = 0.010 Pa s
